Coffee roasting apparatus



Oct. 23, 1951 A. s. TORRES 2,572,678

COFFEE ROASTING APPARATUS l' "nl @j Il ll l Oct.l 23, 1951 A. s. TORRES 2,572,678

COFFEE ROASTING APPARATUS Filed April 9, 1946 13 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 23, 1951 A. s. TORRES 2,572,673

COFFEE ROASTING APPARATUS Filed April 9, 194e 1 Sheet-Shee-t 5 Oct. 23, 1951 A. s. TORRES COFFEE ROASTING APPARATUS 15 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 9, 1946 J am a f1 9 7 g 6 .4 M vm Q m X H6057 5- TORRES, www m Mw-w;

Oct. 23, 1951 A. s. TORRES 2,572,578

COFFEE RoAsTING APPARATUS Filed April 9, 1946 13 sheets-sheet 5 l5 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed April 9, 1946 Oct. 23, 1951 A. s. TORRES COFFEE RoAsTING APPARATUS 15 SheetS-Sheet 7 Filed April 9, 1946 Oct. 23, 1951 Filed April 9, 194e A. S. TORRES COFFEE ROASTING APPARATUS 13 Sheets-Sheet 8 Oct. 23, 1951 A. s. ToRREs COFFEE RoAsTING APPARATUS 13 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed April 9, 1946 Oct. 23, 1951 A. s. TORRES v COFFEE ROASTING APPARATUS 13 Shees-Sheet .1 0

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Oct. 23, 1951 A. s. TORRES COFFEE ROASTING APPARATUS 15 Sheng-sheet Filed April 9, 194e Oct. 23, 1951 A, s, TORRES 2,572,678

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Oct. 23, 1951 A. s. TORRES COFFEE RoAsTING APPARATUS 13 Sheets-Sheet l5 F'jled April 9, 1946 Patented Oct. 2 3, 1951 U-NlTEp STATES PATENT oEricE August s. Term, xmderhook, N. Y.

Application April 9, 1948, Serial No. 660,723

Claims. l

The present invention relates to apparatus for roasting coffee and more specifically pertains to a machine for automatically roasting coffee beans.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a machine wherein a batch of green coffee beans may be automatically introduced into the roasting chamber-when the temperature therein has attained a predetermined value and for automatically removing the coffee beans upon the attainment of a predetermined dark color of the beans.

Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus for removing the roasted coffee beans from the roasting drum immediately upon the completion of the roasting period so as to avoid prolonged heating of the coffee beans as a result of the residual heat remaining in the roasting chamber.

AAnother and further object of the invention pertains to a coffee roasting machine wherein an operation of the machine for the introduction of the coffee beans is delayed until the temperature within the roasting drum has attained a predetermined value.

A more specific object of the invention resides in providing a plurality of sources of heat for the roasting chamber, which are rendered inoperative upon the attainment of a predetermined color for the coffee beans and to provide means for immediately removing the coffee beans-from the roasting chamber into a cooling drum wherein a dry quenching of the heated beans is automatically initiated.

Other objects and features of the invention will be more apparent as the present disclosure proceeds and upon consideration of the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description wherein an exemplary embodiment of the invention is disclosed.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of an automatic coffee roasting machine embodying the invention. l'

Fig. 2 is an end elevation taken from the left side of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a rear elevational view of the coffee roasting machine.

Fig. 4 is an end elevational view taken from the right in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the left end portion of the machine taken on the line 5--5 of Fig. 2. f

Fig. 6 is an enlarged end elevational view showing the driving mechanism for the roasting and cooling drums.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged rear elevational view of the driving mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view oi the roasting and cooling drums.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line 9--9 o! Fig. 8.

` Fig. 10 is va sectional view taken on the line i-I oi Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view of the end portion of the drum taken on the line iI-I I of Fig. 8.-

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of one of the members for controlling the admission of the beans into the roasting drum.

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of another part of the mechanism for controlling the admission and exhaust of beans into and from the roasting drum. l

Fig. 14 is an enlarged view of the mechanism for controlling the reversal of the machine.

Fig. 15 is a front elevational view of the parts shown in Fig. 14.

Fig.l 16 is a sectional plan view taken on the line IS-IB of Fig. 15.

Fig. 17 is an axial sectional view of an en portion of the roasting drum shaft.

Fig. 18 is a fragmentary view of the detent for releasably maintaining the control mechanism in the roasting position.

Fig. 19 is a rear elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 18 and in the direction of the arrow IS.

Fig. 20 is a sectional plan view of the detent assembly for releasably ymaintaining the control mechanism in a roasting position.

Fig. 21 is a diagram of the control circuit providing'automatic operation of the machine.

The present invention pertains to apparatus for roasting coffee beans in a relatively short period so as to avoid the possibility of prolonged heating of the berries and thereby avoiding the possibility of driving off desirable volatile matter from the coffee beans. The apparatus is accordingly adapted for relatively quick roasting of the Y beans so that the machine may be used in a retail store to roast green coffee beans within a relativelyfew minutes so that fresh roasted coffee may be suppliedtojthe customer. One of the advantageous and novel features of the invention pertains to the preheating of the roasting drum prior to the introduction of the coffee beans thereinto and this feature contributes to a shortening of the roasting period and thereby avoids the possibility of prolonged heating of the coffee beans at a low temperature. This object of the invention is attained by first supplying heat to the roasting drum and admitting a batch of green coffee berries to the drum only when a predetermined temperature has been attained within the roasting compartment.

Apparatus exhibiting the invention includes a hopper at the top of the machine having two outlet openings adapted to be open-ed for permitting the coffee beans to pass into both ends of the roasting drum when the proper predetermined temperature is attained within the drum.

The coffee beans are supplied to both ends of the i roasting drum and are then moved into the drum by an agitating mechanism, the operation of which is initiated by thermostatic control means which becomes operable when the temperature within the roasting drum is at the proper level.

Another feature of the invention pertains to the heating of the roasting compartment and the heating means includes an electrical heater within the drum which supplies heat along the axis thereof which radiates outwardly and heats the coffee beans during agitation thereof by the agitating mechanism. The heating of the drum is further accomplished by means of infrared rays which are supplied by a plurality of infrared lamps1 which project rays of wave lengths in excess of 8000 Angstrom units into the roasting drum. Accordingly, the roasting drum is formed of transparent material through which the infrared rays are projected onto the coffee beans. Thus the coffee within the roasting drum is supplied with heat from the electrical heater and the infrared rays penetrate the coffee beans to heat the interior molecular structure of the coffee berries and thereby provide for uniform roasting of the coffee beans without excessively high temperatures. The dual heating arrangement contributes to shortening of the roasting period and tends to provide a more uniform roast for the coffee. The coffee beans roasted in an atmosphere of heat supplied by conduction and convection and a heat supplied by radiation of infrared rays provides coffee of a more uniform size and color and the cracking of the beans is much more uniform.

Another feature of the invention pertains to the interruption of the roasting period when the coffee has attained a predetermined brown color. The interruption of the roasting period is accomplished by means of a photo-electric arrangement which is responsive to the absence of rays reflected from the coffee beans when they acquire the proper dark color. The heating of the coffee beans is immediately interrupted upon' the at'- tainment of the desired color so that the beans are not thereafter subjected to any extended or prolonged heating. As the roasting period is terminated, the agitating mechanism is reversed for immediately removing the roasted coffee beans from both ends of the roasting drum and the roasted beans move into a cooling drum. The cooling operation follows immediately upon-the termination of the roasting period so that the coffee beans are cooled below a temperature at which any of the volatile material would be removed. The cooling of the coffee beans immediately further enhances the aroma and flavor of the coffee and after the coffee beans have been cooled, they are delivered into a hopper of a dispensing mechanism. During the heating and cooling of the coffee beans, the vapors and gases released during the roasting are removed from the roasting drum by means of a suction arrangement hereinafter described and this venting of the coffee continues during the cooling operation. The entire cycle of operation of the machine including the initiation of the roasting period, the

interruption of the roasting of the coffee, the cooling thereof, and the complete cycle of op-v eration is controlled automatically and upon the delivery of the coffee from the cooling drum, the control mechanism returns to a neutral position so that the machine is then in condition for the start of another cycle of roasting and cooling of a further batch of coffee beans.

Referring to the drawings, there is shown at I9 a base for the coffee roasting machine. The roasting and cooling apparatus is arranged and supported above the base I9 and the filtering compartment is arranged under the base I9 and shown generally at 2l. The ltering compartment is provided for removing gases and volatile matter during roasting and cooling of the coffee and inasmuch as the filtering arrangement forms no part of the present invention, details of this structure are omitted. The mechanism for roasting and cooling the coffee beans is supported on the base I9 by means of a pair of frame standards 22 and 24 which extend upwardly from the base I9 and terminate adjacent the roasting drum. The roasting drum is shown at 26 in the drawings and is formed of transparent material so that the progress of the roasting of the coffee beans may be observed through the transparent' cylinder and for the further purpose of permitting infrared rays emitted by infrared ray lamps to pass through the transparent cylinder and irradiate the coffee beans therein. The upper portion of the drum 26 is covered by a transparent hem-cylindrical shaped cover 25. The cover 25 is supported by brackets 23 on the frames 22 and 24. The roasting drum 26 is mounted for rotation on and supported by the uprights 22 and 24. A hopper for storing a quantity of green coffee beans is illustrated at 28 in the drawings and is supported by funnel shaped members 29 on the top portion of the standards 22 and 24. The hopper 28 is provided with transparent side Walls so that the coffee beans may be observed therethrough and the hopper is so shaped as .to dispense coffee from two spaced openings into the funnel shaped members 29 and to thereby deliver the green coffee beans to each end of the roasting drum 26. It is for this purpose that the bottom Wall of the hopper 28 is hump shaped as shown at 32 (Figs. 1 and 3) so that coffee beans will move downwardly along the surfaces 34 and 36. The funnel shaped members 29 guide the coffee to positions adjacent the ends of the drum 26.

An agitating mechanism (Fig. 8) is arranged within the roasting drum 26 and formed of a plurality of blades 38. The blades 38 are obliquely mounted so as to move the coffee axially towards the center of the drum when the agitating mechanism is driven inthe roasting direction. The blades or varies 38 are mounted on a plurality of axially extending rods 39 as shown in Figs. 8 and 9. The rods 39 are spaced radially outward from the axis of the drum so as to position the blades or vanes 38 adjacent the transparent wall of the drum. The blades or vanes 38 may be secured to the rods 39 in any suitable manner such as by welding.

The roasting drum includes a heating element arranged along the axis thereof and in the embodiment illustrated this heater is in the form of an electric heater 4i (see Fig. 8). The heater 4I may be of a conventional sheathed type so as to prevent oxidation of the heating wire and this heater is mounted in a hollow shaft 42 which supports the drum for rotation. The hollow shaft 42 is journalled in suitable anti-friction bearings 43 which are supported on the frane standards 22 and 24. The-` heating element 4| is supplied with electrical energy through slip rings 44 and 48. The slip ring 44 is connected by a rod or any suitable conductor 41 to one end of the heater element 4| (Fig. 8). The other end of the electrical heater element is connected to the slip ring 48 through a conductor diagrammatically represented at 48. A brush 49 engages the slip ring 44 and a brush 8| engages the slip ring 46 so that electrical energy may be supplied to the heater element 4| when the agitating and conveyor mechanisms are stationary and during rotation thereof. The brushes 49 and 8| are pivotally mounted on plate-like member 50 formed of suitable insulating material. The plate member 60 is supported by a hollow post 52, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6. The brush holders are resiliently urged towards the slip rings by means of springs 53 and 54. The slip rings 44 and 46 are insulated with respect to each other by a bushing 58 formed of suitable insulating material, as shown in Fig. 8.

The roasting apparatus includes means for preventing the coffee beans from contacting the periphery of the hollow shaft 42 and such means may take the form of a cylindrical wire screen shown at 81 (Fig. 8) and surrounding the shaft 42 in spaced relation therewith as shown particularly in Fig. 8. The annular screen 51 may be secured to the end walls of the drum and to a shoulder portion thereof as shown at 58. The screen 51 may be welded to the offset shoulders 58.

One of the feature of the invention pertains to the preheating of the roasting drum 28 to a temperature suflicient for roasting the coffee beans prior to theadmission of the coffee berries into the roasting chamber. This feature of preheating the roasting chamber is for the purpose of avoiding a prolonged heating of the coffee beans at a low temperature in a batch process of cofl'ee roasting. In other words, the roasting compartment is preheated to the required temperature so that there will not be any heating of the coffee at a low temperature to dry out the coffee beans and to otherwise impair the treatment of the coffee before the actual roasting begins. In one embodiment of the invention the interior of the roasting drum 26 is preheated to a temperature of approximately 900 F. prior to the introduction of the coffee beans into the roasting drum. Thus the electrical hea-ter 4| is energized prior to the admission of coffee into the roasting chamber and the invention includes additional heating means. The additional heating means is in the form of infrared rays directed into the roasting chamber. In the embodiment illustrated four sources of infrared rays are employed in the form of infrared ray lamps. Two of the infrared ray lamps are shown at 8| and 82 which are mounted at the front of the machine on brackets 63 and 64. These brackets are attached to the uprights 22 and 24, respectively. The exemplary embodiment includes two infrared ray bulbs 86 and 81 arranged at the back of the machine as shown in Fig. 3. These lamps 86 and 61 are likewise mounted in conventional sockets and supported on the upright standards 22 and 24 by means of brackets 68 and 89. In

operation of the machine and prior to the introduction of the coffee beans into the roasting drum, the electrical heater 4| and all four of the infrared ray lamps are energized prior to the introduction of the coffee beans into the roasting chamber and both the electrical heater 4| and the infrared ray lamps thereby preheat the roasting chamber.

A feature of the apparatus includes thermo static control means for moving the green coffee beans into the roasting drum 26 when the proper temperature is attained therein. Such control means includes a thermostat mounted within the roasting drum 28 so as to be responsive to the temperature therein. The thermostat control includes a metal bar 1| (see Figs. 3 and 17) mounted on the exterior of the hollow Vshaft 42 and within the annular space betweenrthe hollow shaft and the annular screen 51. This metal bar 1I is securely anchored at 12 to the shaft 42. The coefficient of expansion of the bar 1| is such that it expands more rapidly upon the application of heat than the shaft 42. The bar 1| carries a pin 13 as shown in Fig. 17 which extends through a relatively large opening 14 in the shaft 42. The pin 13 may be welded or otherwise secured to the bar 1|. A relatively rigid arm 16 is mounted on the pin 13 within the hollow shaft 42 and this arm extends to a point adjacent a switch 11. The switch is normally open and is mounted on a support 18 formed of insulating material. The plate-like support 18 is attached to a sleeve 19 by means of a plurality of screws 8|. The switch 11 is normally biased to an open position by the inherent resiliency of the blade carrying the movable contact 15. The switch is closed upon expansion of the bar 1| which moves the arm 16 to the right in Fig. 17. A lug 82 formed of suitable insulating material is carried by the arm 16 and is adapted to engage the movable blade of the switch 11 and urge the movable contact thereof into engagement with the fixed contact 83. The lug 82 acts somewhat like a wedge and engages the inner surface of the sleeve 19 in moving to the right in Fig. 17 to cause the closure of the switch contacts. The temperature at which the contacts of the switch 11 are Yclosed may be adjusted by altering the position of the sleeve 19 within the hollow shaft 42. It is for this purpose that a xed bracket 84 is mounted on an extension 86 of the hollow shaft 42. A threaded screw 81 extends through the bracket 84 into threaded engagement with a lug carried by the sleeve 19. The fixed contact 83 is connected to a slip ring 88 by means of a conductor shown at 89. The slip ring 88 is adapted to rotate with the tubular extension 88 and is insulated therefrom as shown in Fig. 17. A brush 9| engages the slip ring 88 and this brush is mounted on an insuated bracket 92 which is in turn supported on the upright member 24. The movable contact of the switch 11 is connected to the conductor 41 and is thereby adapted to be connected to one side of the electrical supply as illustrated in Fig. 21.

The closure switch 11 (Fig. 21) initiates the operation of a driving motor for the agitating mechanism. The agitating mechanism and the roasting drum are rotated in the direction of the arrow 93 shown in Figs. 2 and 6 during the roasting period and such rotative movement of the drum may be accomplished in any suitable manner. In the embodiment illustrated an electric motor 94 (Fig. 1) is mounted on the base |9 of the apparatus and current is supplied thereto to drive the motor when the temperature within the roasting drum reaches a predetermined value. The motor 94 drives a pulley 98 by means of a belt 91. The pulley 98 is secured to a shaft 98 which extends into a gear mecha.-

nism represented at 99 (Figs. 2 and 5). This 'gear mechanism includes two bevelled gears and |02 mounted on a shaft |03 as shown in Fig. 21. The bevelled gears |0| and |02 are arranged for free rotation on the shaft |03 but are prevented from axial movement thereon. The shaft '|03 extends from the gear casing 39 and a sprocket wheel.|04 is secured thereto. The shaft'i8 extending into the gear casing from the pulley 96 drives a bevelled pinion |05 as shown in Fig. 21 which meshes with both the bevelled gears |0| and |02. g

The means for transmitting rotative movement of the sprocket |04 tothe agitating mechanism and roasting drum includes a sprocket chain |06 (Fig. 2) trained about the sprocket wheel |04 and a sprocket wheel |01 secured to the end of the hollow shaft 42 as shown in Fig. 8. The

, sprocket chain |06 is also trained about a third sprocket wheel |08 for driving the cooling drum as hereinafter described. The sprocket chain |06 moves in the direction of the arrow 93 when the motor 94 is first started at the beginning of a cycle of operationv and the agitator mechanism and the roasting drum are accordingly driven in such a direction as to move the coffee beans into Athe roasting drum from each end thereof.

The coiee beans are admitted tothe roasting drum 26 when the motor 94 is started to rotate the roasting drum in the direction of the arrow 93. The end walls ||0 and of the roasting drum are provided with a plurality of apertures ||2 (Figs. 11-13). These apertures are provided with bailies ||3 as shown in Figs. 9 and 10 which are open at the ends ||5. The ends of the roasting drum are provided with means for the bearing sleeve ||6 when the motor first starts to rotate the gate member with the shaft. The

, gate member carries lugs ||1 and |23. The gate member is provided with an open portion ||9 which is adapted to register with an opening .|2| in a fixed member |22. The fixed member |22 also carries a pin |8. When the lug ||8 and the stop member |23 abut during rotation of the gate ||4, the open portion ||9 of the gate ||4 will register with the opening |2I. The coiee within the funnel-like members 29 is then free to enter the drum through the openings ||2. The agitating mechanism or the vanes are then moving in such 'a direction as to move the coffee towards the center of the drum from each of the end walls 0 and The machine upon the termination of a roasting and cooling operation automatically stops in y a so-called neutral position and a rod |21 (Figs.

6 and '7) is then in a neutral position. This rod -|21 is mounted for .guided vertical movement in two brackets |28 and |29.

The brackets |28 and |29 are supported by the hollow post 52. A spring |3| urges the rod |21 to an uppermost position. This spring is attached at one end to the bracket |29 and at the lower end thereof to the rod |21 by means of a clamp assembly |32. The rod |21 is accordingly urged toward an uppermost position.

The rod |21 is maintained in a neutral position by a detent |34 which engages a lever arm |35 as shown in Figs. 6 and 18 when the machine is in the neutral position. This lever arm |35 is pivoted at |31 to a bracket |38 carried by the hollow Ipost 52 as shown particularly in Fig. 6. The lever |35 also prevents rotation of the rod |21 about its longitudinal axis. When the lever |35 is in the position shown in Fig. 18, it is engaged under the detent |34 and prevents upward movement of the rod |21. The lever |35 is released electromagnetically by coil |38. This coil |38 includes an armature |39 which is moved to the right in Fig. 2 upon energization of the coil |38. Such movement of the armature |39 swings a lever |4| about its pivot |42. The lever |4| carries a lug |43 which engages the end of the lever |35 as shown in Fig. 18. The supporting strap |44 for the detent |34 is suiiiciently resilient by reason of the weakened portion |40 that upon engagement of the lug |43 with the end of the lever |35 the upper end of the strap |44 swings to the left in Fig. 6 and the detent |34 releases the lever |35. The coil |38 is energized upon initiation of operation of the machine so that thev rod |21 is free to move upwardly in response to the energy stored in the spring |3|. It is to be noted that the motor has not yet been energized and the rotating parts of the machine are accordingly at a standstill. This upward movement of the rod |21 preconditions the machine for the initiation of the roasting operation.

The rod |21 carries an arm |46 which is normally swung to a position toward the left in Fig. 6 by means of a spring |41. The arm |48 is pivoted on the rod |21. The spring |41` is attached to the arm |48 at one end and to a bracket |48 mounted on the movable rod |21. As the rod |21 moves upwardly. the upper end of the arm |48 is swung to the right in Fig. 6 upon the engagement with a xed cam |49. This cam is mounted on a part of the upright frame member 22 as shown in Figs. 6 and '1. The sprocket wheel |08 carries an axially extending pin |5| which is adapted to engage the upper hook-shaped end of the arm |46 and when the sprocket wheel |08 is moved in a counterclockwise or roasting direction as viewed in Fig. 6. It is to be noted, however, that the sprocket |08 is not yet rotated because the roasting chamber is heated for a period before the motor 94 starts.

The lower end of the rod |21 is connected to a shaft |52 by means of a lever |53 as shown parl'ticularly in Fig. 6. The shaft |52 is journalled in a. bearing carried by the upright frame 22 and extends lengthwise of the machine as shown in Figs. 3 and 5. The lever arm |53 is secured to the shaft |52 so as to rotate this shaft upon longitudinal movement of the rod |21. A crank arm |53a is attached to the shaft |52 as shown in Figs. 5 and 7. A rod |54 is coupled to the lower end of the arm |53a and this rod extends to 4a. position adjacent the front of the machine. The free end of the rod |54 extends through an opening in a bar |56 as shown particularly in Figs. 1 and 20. A spring, |51 is interposed between the bar |58 and the free end of the rod |54. A resilient strap |58 is mounted on the upright frame 22 and this strap extends towards the front of the machine and terminates adjacent the free end ofthe bar |58. The strap |'58 is adapted to form a detent for the bar |56 and is normally biased to a position as shown in Fig. 20 so as to engage the bar |56and maintain the rod |54 in the position shown in Fig. 20. An electrical coil |6| is mounted on the base of the machine and held in place by a suitable bracket |62. This coil is provided 9 with an armature |63 which is coupled to the strap |58. downwardly by the pin |5| engaging the arm |46,

the rod |54 is moved to the right in Fig. 20 and the coil |6 I, not then being energized, permits the resilient strap |58 to engage the end |66 of the bar |56 and thereby maintain the rod |21 in the depressed position. The arm |46 in moving downwardly with the rod |21 escapes from the cam |49 and permits the pin |5| to continue in its rotation with the sprocket wheel |08 so that the rod |21 during the roasting operation and during a major portion of the cooling operation remains in its normal position by the detent arrangement shown in Fig. 20.

A lever arm |61 is also secured to the shaft |52 as shown in Fig. 6. This lever arm extends substantially diametrically opposite from the lever arm |53 and a link |68 is pivotally attached to the lever arm |61. This link |88 extends upwardly along the hollow post 52 and is connected at its upper end to a cooling door operating lever |69. This door operating lever |69 is rigidly secured to a shaft |1| which extends through the hollow post 52. eraiing lever |69 has an offset portion |12 which is adapted to engage an operating rod for the doors of the cooling drum.

'I'he shaft |1| carries a plurality of levers which are adapted to control the direction of rotation of the driving sprocket |04 (see Figs. 14, 15 and 16). One lever |13 is rigidly secured to the shaft |1| by means of a screw clamp assembly |14. This lever |13 accordingly rotates with the shaft |1|. A second lever 18 is mounted for free rota- I tion on the shaft |1|. This lever |16 carries a lug |11 which extends' laterally therefrom and into the path of movement of the lever |13 as shown in Fig. 14. The lever |13 also carries an integral arm |18 as shown in Fig. 15. A relatively strong spring |19 is attached to an upsanding lug on the arm |18 and this spring is attached at its other end to the lever |16 and is adjustably attached thereto by means of a plurality of openings in the lever |16 as shown in Fig. 15.

A pawl |8| is pivotally mounted at |82 to the frame member 22. The free end of the pawl |8| is urged downwardly by means of a spring |83. This spring is attached at its lower end to a bracket |84. The pawl 8| includes a notch |86 of a generally rectangular shape and spaced from a. similarly shaped notch |81.

A lever |88 is pivotally mounted on the hollow post 52 at |89. This lever |88 carries a laterally arranged lug |9| as shown particularly in Figs. 14 and 15. A gear shift operating rod |92 is adjusably attached to the lug |9| and this rod extends through an opening in the frame 22 and is pivotally attached at its other end' to a lever |93 (see Fig. 2). The lever |93 is pivoted at |94. 'I'he lower end of the lever |93 is attached to the shaft |03 by a suitable coupling |96. This coupling permits rotation of the shaft |03, but the coupling |96 is fixed against 1ongitudinal movement on the shaft |03. The upper end of the lever |93 is biased to the left in Fig. 5 by means of a relatively light springA |91 which is interposed between the frame 22 and the lug |9|.

I'he lower end of the lever |88 carries a pin |98 which normally extends into contact with the lower edge of the pawl |8| between the recesses |86 and |81. The lever |16 also carries a laterally extending pin |99 which is arranged in the path of the movement of the lever |88. An electrical coil 20| is mounted on the hollow The upper end of the door op- Thus when the rod |21 is moved n post 52 and this coil is maintained in position by means of a suitable bracket 202. An armature 203 is arranged for reciprocation within the coil 20| and the armature is connected by link 204 to the free end of the pawl |8|. Energization of the coil 20| will therefore attract the armature 203 and lift the pawl |8| against the action of the spring |83.

The apparatus includes a cooling drum 206 which is mounted on a hollow shaft 201. The shaft 201 is journaled in suitable bearings in the upright frames 22 and 24. The sprocket wheel |08 hereinabove referred to is secured to the hollow shaft 201. The'end walls of the cooling drum are provided with apertures 208 and 208 through which the coffee may enter the cool'- ing drum. The frame upright 24 is provided with a housing part 2|| to form a closed passage extending downwardly frrm one end portion of the roasting drum for guiding the coffee into one end of the cooling drum. The other upright frame member 22 is also provided with a housing part 2|2 to guide the coffee from this end portion of the roasting drum to/a position adjacent the other end of the cooling drum.

The cooling drum 206 is provided with a plurality of apertures in the periphery thereof as shown particularly in Fig. 8 and these apertures are for the purpose of permitting air to pass through the cooling drum during the dry quenching operation. The roasted coffee is introduced in the cooling drum through the openings 208 and 208 and during the cooling thereof the drum is rotated by the sprocket Wheel |08 which is in turn driven by the sprocket chain |06. The coffee is discharged from the cooling drum through a plurality of hinged doors 2|4. These doors are more clearly shown in Fig. 9 and are hinged inwardly to the position illustrated in Fig. 9 by y means of a spring 2 I6 mounted Within the hollow shaft 201. This spring swings a plurality of arms 2|1 to the angular position shown in Fig. 9 for opening the doors 2 |4. The cooling drum rotates in the direction of the arrow 2|8 during the cool- A ing operation so that the coffee may be discharged from the cooling drum into a hopper shown at 2|9. The doors 2|4 are maintained in a closed position by means of a rod 22| which extends through the hollow shaft 201, and the hub of the sprocket |08 to a position to be engaged by the end |12 of the lever |69. When this rod 22| is moved in opposition to the force of the spring 2|6, the arms 2|1 are moved to the position shown in Fig. 8 and the doors 2|4 are thereby closed.

A plate 226 is mounted below the cooling drum as shown in Fig. 9 and this plate is adapted for guiding the coffee beans discharged from the cooling drum into the hopper 2|9. This plate is mounted to turn with a shaft 221 and is normally so weighted as to swing to the position shown in Fig. 9. During the roasting and cooling operations, however, this plate should be swung to the dotted line position in Fig. 9 so as to close the outlet aperture below the cooling drum and confine air moving through the ducts hereinafter described from escaping through this discharge aperture. The plate 226 is swung to the closed position by means of a lever arm 23| secured to the end of the shaft 221 and as shown in Fig. 16. This lever arm is turned to a position to close the discharge aperture when the arm |18 is moved to a downward position.

The roasting apparatus includes a fan 230 which is provided with an inlet opening 232. This fan exhausts into a manifold 233 through a pipe 234 as shown in Fig. 3. The manifold 233 extends along the cooling drum and air under pressure is discharged from the manifold 233 through the openings 236 as shown in Fig. 9. 'I'he machine includes an exhaust fan 231 as shown particularvly in Fig. 4. The fan 230 and the fan 231 are driven by means of a shaft 238 which drives the rotors of the fans. The motor 94 includes a pulley 239 about which a belt 24| is trained and this belt extends around a pulley 242 secured to the shaft 236. The motor 94 accordingly drives the rotors of both fans.

The suction fan 231 exhausts into the filter chamber 2| through a pipe or conduit 243. The suction side of the fan 231 is connected to a duct 244 which extends lengthwise of the cooling drum 206 along the front of the machine. The suction duct 244 is in communication with the housing 246 surrounding the cooling drum. This housing 246 adjacent its ends is provided with openings 241 as shown in Fig. 8. These openings 241 permit communication with the interior of the housings 2|| and 2|2 through the louver openings 248. The louver openings 248 are covered by housing parts 250.

'During the roasting period the pipe 234 is closed so as to avoid blowing air through the manifold 233. The pipe 234 is accordingly provided with a suitable valve of a conventional type which has an operating stem 25|a extending to the exterior of the pipe 234 to which is secured an operating lever 25|. This lever is connected by a link 252 to a member 253 which frictionally embraces the end of the cooling drum shaft 201 as shown in Fig. 4. Thus when the shaft 201 rotates in one direction during the roasting operation, the frictional clamp 253 turns with the shaft to move the valve operating lever 25| to a position to close the pipe 234. During reversed rotation of the shaft 201 and during the cooling operation, the frictional clamp member 253 rotates therewith so as to move the valve operating lever 25| to a position to open the pipe 234 and to permit air to be forced through the manifold 233 and into and through the cooling drum. This current of air is further assisted in its movement through the cooling drum by the suction created in the duct 244.

The infrared rays emitted by the infrared ray lamps serve to further treat the c'oiee beans during the roasting period and the infrared rays reflected from the coffee beans are employed for controlling the interruption of the roasting operation. A photo-electric unit 254 (Fig. 21) is employed for receiving the infrared rays reflected from the coffee beans within-the roasting drum 26. These reflected rays are conveyed to the photo tube through a solid glass pyrex cane 256 which is coated with any suitable black opaque material. The peripheral surface of the glass rod is polished so as to convey or guide the re' ilected rays onto the photo tube. The rod 256 may be supported on the housing 248 by means of a bracket and clamp arrangement 251 as shown in Fig. 5.

During reversed rotation of the shaft |03 and during the cooling period the sprocket |04 drives a timing mechanism for controlling the duration of the dry quenching operation. Thus When the shaft |03 is shifted to the left in Fig. 21 to couple the bevelled gear |02 to the shaft |03, this latter shaft is moved to the left and the sprocket wheel |04 engages a friction wheel 259. -This frictionv wheel 259 is mounted on a vertical shaft 26| and 12 carries a worm 262 at the lower end thereof. This worm drives a worm gear 263 mounted on a horizontally arranged shaft 286. This shaft 268 drives a disc 261 which is employed for operating several switches of the electrical systems for controlling the operation of the machine.

Operation The machine in operation from a previous cycle returns to a neutral position and the rod |21 is retained in an intermediate position by the detent |34. The neutral position of the various control elements is represented in the drawings and in this condition neither of the bevelled gears |0| or |02 is connected to the shaft |03. When it is desired to roast a batch of coffee, the starting button 21| (Fig. 2l) is depressed so as to close a circuit through the relay coil 212. This relay immediately picks up and closes the contacts 213 and 214. A circuit is then established through the contacts 214, a conductor 216 through the coil |38 so that this coil is energized and the detent |34 is released from the lever |35 whereby the spring |3| moves the rod |21 to its uppermost position. During this upward movement of the rod |21, the arm |46 engages the cam |49 and moves the upper end of the arm |46 into the path of movement of the pin |5|. It is to be noted that the motor 94 has not yet been started and accordingly the sprocket wheel |08 remains stationary and the rod |21 accordingly remains in its uppermost position until the motor starts.

The upward movement of the rod |21 moves the rod |54 to the left in Figs. 6 and 20 since the detent |66 has been released in a previous cycle of operation permitting the rod |21 to move to the neutral position. The upward movement of the rod |21 pulls the link |68 downwardly so as to rotate the shaft |1| in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 15. This movement of the shaft |1| turns the lever |13 therewith and the lever |13 engages the lug |11 and moves the lever |16 also in a counter-clockwise direction. This movement of the lever |16 and the pin |99 permits the spring |91 to swing the lever |88 in a clockwise direction about its pivot |89 in Fig. 15 whereby the pin |98 is moved to the left and lies under the recess |86 in the pawl |8|. The spring |83 then swings the pawl |8| downwardly. Such movement of the lever |88 and the rod |92 swings the gear shift lever |93 in a counter-clockwise direction about the pivot |94 in Fig. 5 so as to shift the shaft |03 `to theleft in Figs. 5 and 21 and thereby couple the gear |0| to the shaft |03.

The closure of the contacts 213 establishes a circuit from the negative side of the line through the conductor 218 and the normally closed contacts 219 and the wire 280 through the relay coil 28| whereby this relay is energized and closes the contacts 282. A holding circuit is provided for the relay 28| even though'the starting button 21| is released. This holding circuit extends through the closed contacts 282 and the conductor 283 and the closed contacts 219 whereby the relay 28| remains energized.

When the contacts 282 are closed, the electrical heater 4| is energized and the infrared ray lamps are also placed across the line. This circuit includes the conductor 284 which leads to one end of the electrical resistor 4| through the brush 5| and the slip ring 46. The conductor 284 is also connected to one side of each of the infrared ray lamps. 'I'he other side of the infrared ray lamps and the brush 49 of the slip ring 44 are connected to the other side of the line by a circuit which includes a conductor 288 and the normally closed contacts 281 and the conductor 288 and the closed contacts 219, the conductor 218 and the wire 283 and the closed contacts 282. The electrical heater is thereby energized and the infrared ray lamps are lighted so that the roasting ychamber or drum 28 is heated. It is to be noted that the coffee beans have not yet been introduced into the roasting drum and the driving motor has not yet been started.

`When the roasting drum is heated to a temperature sufficient for initiating the roasting of the coffee, the driving motor is started and the green beans are then introduced into the roasting drum. This desirable function is accomplished by the temperature responsive switch 11 which is closed when the bar 1| expands sufllciently to the right in Fig. 8 to move the switch blade and the contact into engagement with the fixed contact 83. Negative potential is carried by the slip ring 44 and the conductor 41 and accordingly by the switch blade 11 and upon closure of this switch, the circuit extends through the slip ring 88 and the brush 9| and the conductor 288 and the relay coil 289 to the opposite side of the line whereby the contacts 298 and 29| are closed. The closure of the contacts 298 supplies electrical energy to the motor 94 and the motor is accordingly started. The closure of the contacts 29| completes a holding circuit for the relay 289 and this circuit extends through the closed contacts 29| and the conductor 292 and thence to the negative side of the line.

It will be recalled that the bevelled gear l8| is coupled to the shaft |83 so that the sprocket wheel |84 drives the sprocket chain |88 in the direction of the arrow 93 in Fig. 2 when the motor 94 starts. The sprocket wheel |88 is likewise rotated in a counter-clockwise direction in Figs. 2 and 6 so that the pin |5| engages the hookshaped upper end of the arm |48 and thereby moves the rod |21 to its lowermost position and tensions the spring |3|. This downward movement of the rod |21 swings the lever arm |53 in a counter-clockwise direction in Fig. 6 and thereby shifts the rod |54 to the right in Figs. 6 and sufficiently for the resilient strap |58 to engage the bar |58 and thereby retain the rod |21 in its lowermost position since the coil |8| is not then energized.

This downward movement of the rod |21 causes the lever arm |81 to move the link |88 upwardly and thereby swing the door operating lever |89 inwardly towards the door operating rod 22|.. This movement of the door operating lever |89 also turns the shaft |1| in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 15. The lever |13 is accordingly turned to the right in Fig. 15 so as to move the arm |18 downwardly and to engage the pin 240 carried by the lever arm 23| and thereby rotate the shaft 221 so as to swing the plate 228 to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 9 and thereby close the discharge aperture under the cooling drum, This downward swinging of the arm |18 also tensions the spring |19 since the lever arm |18 is retained in its previous position because the pin |98 is then engaging the shoulder 294 of the pawl 8|. Since the pin |98 cannot move to the right, the lever |88 remains in a position to maintain the gear shaft lever |93 in the roasting position (see Fig. 5).

The thermostatic control switch is .adjusted by manipulation of the screw 81 so that the tem- 14 perature within the roasting drum is between 600 and 1,000 degrees F. before the switch 11 is closed.

A predetermined quantity of cofi'ee is arranged in the hopper 28 and this coffee is divided by reason of the hump portion 32 so that the coffee is then permitted to move into the funnel-shaped members 29 when the gate members 38| are open. This coffee is then in a position to move adjacent the ends of the roasting drum 26. During the first revolution of the roasting drum, the gate member ||4 shown in Fig. 11 is rotated until the lug ||1 engages the pin |i8. The opening l|9 is then in register with the opening |2| in the fixed sleeve member |22 whereby the coffee may move through the openings ||2 in the end walls ||D and The baille members ||3 are then moving in a counter-clockwise direction in Fig. 10 so that the coffee may move into the drum 28. The blades or vanes 38 of the agitating mechanism are then moving in such a direction as to urge the coffee axially toward the center of the drum from each end thereof and agitato the coee during the roasting operation. The coffee beans are immediately subjected to the temperature within the drum derived from the electrical heater 4| and the infrared rays projected from the lamps through the transparent peripheral wall of the roasting drum. The screen 51 prevents the beans from physical contact with the periphery of the shaft 42 and accordingly prevents burning or scorching of the coffee beans.

The initial rotation of the cooling drum in the roasting direction causes the friction clamp member 253 to operate the link 252 in Fig. '4 and close the valve in the pipe 234. Thus the fan 238 does not furnish a positive current of air to the housing 248 even though this fan is started when the motor 94 is energized. The fan 231, however, draws air and vapors from the roasting drum through the suction duct 244 and through the openings 248 in the passages below the roasting drum. Accordingly, the vapors and hot gases released from the coffee beans during roasting are withdrawn through the suction duct 244 and discharged into the filtering assembly arranged below the base of the machine.

The roasting of the coffee continues and one of the features of the invention pertains to means for automatically terminating the roasting operation when the coffee beans have attained a predetermined dark brown color. This function is accomplished by means of a photo-tube control arrangement which is rendered operative within a relatively short period after the motor 94 has been started. The photo-tube control arrangement is designed to operate in accordance with the absence of reflected infrared rays reflected from the coffee beans. Accordingly, the phototube control arrangement is not rendered operative until the beans have been arranged within the roasting drum, The photo-tube is shown at 254 in Fig. 21 and includes a filtering lens ar'- rangement wherein all visible light is excluded from impinging upon the photo-tube. The reflected infrared rays are guided to the tube 254 by the glass conducting rod 258. A conventional amplifier arrangement associated with the tube may be energized upon operation of the machine, but the relay 383 is not rendered operative until the contacts of the time delay relay 384 are closed. Any type of time delay relay may be employed and in the embodiment illustrated the coil thereof is energized immediately upon closure of the switch 11, but the relay 384 does not operate to close its contacts 388 until a period of approxi- 

